acat1 Knockout BxPC-3 Cell Line

The acat1 Knockout BxPC-3 Cell Line is a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption model in which the ACAT1 gene is functionally inactivated in the BxPC-3 human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line. This knockout cell line serves as a stable loss-of-function tool for investigating acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 functions without the need for transient silencing reagents. The constitutive ACAT1 disruption enables robust and reproducible studies of metabolic enzyme deficiency in a pancreatic cancer background.

BxPC-3 is a widely characterized cell line originally derived from a primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma. It exhibits epithelial morphology, maintains KRAS wild-type status, and is tumorigenic in vivo, making it a relevant model for pancreatic cancer biology. Unlike many pancreatic cancer lines carrying oncogenic KRAS mutations, the wild-type KRAS background of BxPC-3 allows dissection of metabolic pathways independent of mutated KRAS-driven signaling, providing a complementary system for analyzing cancer metabolism.

ACAT1 encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of acetoacetyl-CoA into two molecules of acetyl-CoA, a pivotal step in ketone body metabolism, isoleucine degradation, cholesterol biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Transcriptional regulation involves PPARA and SREBP2, while post-translational control is influenced by insulin and glucagon. The enzyme operates downstream of HIF1A under hypoxic conditions. ACAT1-generated acetyl-CoA feeds into the TCA cycle and cholesterol synthesis via HMG-CoA, with acetoacetyl-CoA serving as a substrate for HMGCS2 in ketogenesis. ACAT1 interacts with mitochondrial import translocases and functionally partners with HMGCS2 and HMGCL, with overall pathway components including BDH1 and HMGCR.

In BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells, ACAT1 knockout disrupts ketone body utilization and acetyl-CoA homeostasis, likely impairing lipid synthesis and metabolic flexibility under nutrient stress. Given that pancreatic tumors often rely on altered lipid metabolism and ketone body recycling for survival, this model provides a physiologically relevant platform to dissect how ACAT1 deficiency affects tumorigenic potential. It also serves as a cellular system for studying beta-ketothiolase deficiency and metabolic acidosis-linked inborn errors within a cancer context.

Researchers can apply the acat1 Knockout BxPC-3 Cell Line to study metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer, evaluate ketone body metabolism as a therapeutic target, investigate cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, and model ACAT1 deficiency in neoplastic cells. Representative assays compatible with this model include western blotting, RT-qPCR, metabolic flux analysis, lipidomics, proliferation and apoptosis assays, colony formation, acetyl-CoA quantification, ketone body measurement, and Seahorse-based metabolic profiling. For further technical guidance or customization options, please contact Ascent Research.