Carcinoma

Carcinoma is the most common type of cancer, originating from epithelial cells that line the internal and external surfaces of the body. Carcinomas include various subtypes based on histology and organ of origin. Carcinoma cell lines are derived from these malignancies and are used extensively for cancer research, drug development, and mechanistic studies. Adenocarcinoma arises from glandular epithelium (e.g., lung, colon, breast, pancreas, prostate). Examples include A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), HT29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma), and PANC-1 (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) originates from stratified squamous epithelium (e.g., skin, cervix, lung, head and neck, esophagus). Cell lines include A431 (vulvar SCC), SCC-9 (tongue SCC), and SiHa (cervical SCC). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, but cell lines are rare because BCC is slow-growing and difficult to culture; some lines like ASZ001 are available. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is kidney cancer, with clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe subtypes. Cell lines include 786-O, ACHN, Caki-1, and Caki-2. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is liver cancer, often associated with hepatitis B/C or cirrhosis. Cell lines include HepG2, Huh7, PLC/PRF/5, and Hep3B. Breast carcinoma includes ductal carcinoma (the most common) and lobular carcinoma. Cell lines include MCF7 (ductal), T47D (ductal), MDA-MB-231 (ductal, triple-negative), and BT474 (ductal, HER2-positive). Lung carcinoma includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma (though small cell is neuroendocrine). Cell lines include A549 (adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (large cell), NCI-H226 (squamous), and NCI-H69 (small cell). Colon carcinoma is colorectal cancer, often with APC, KRAS, and p53 mutations. Cell lines include HCT116, HT29, SW480, and Caco-2. Prostate carcinoma is adenocarcinoma of the prostate, often androgen-dependent initially. Cell lines include LNCaP (androgen-sensitive), PC3 (androgen-independent), DU145 (androgen-independent), and VCaP (androgen-sensitive with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion). Pancreatic carcinoma is mostly ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with KRAS mutations in >90% of cases. Cell lines include PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, BxPC-3, and Capan-2. Ovarian carcinoma includes serous (most common), mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell subtypes. Cell lines include OVCAR3 (high-grade serous), SK-OV-3, A2780, and ES-2 (clear cell). Cervical carcinoma is mostly squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, associated with HPV. Cell lines include HeLa (adenocarcinoma), SiHa (squamous), and CaSki (squamous). Bladder carcinoma includes urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma, the most common type. Cell lines include T24, UM-UC-3, RT4, and 5637. Thyroid carcinoma includes papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. Cell lines include TPC-1 (papillary), FTC-133 (follicular), TT (medullary), and 8505C (anaplastic). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with EBV; cell lines include C666-1 and HK1. Esophageal carcinoma includes squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Cell lines include TE-1 (squamous), KYSE-30 (squamous), and OE33 (adenocarcinoma). Gastric carcinoma (stomach cancer) is often adenocarcinoma. Cell lines include MKN45, AGS, NCI-N87, and KATO III. Colorectal carcinoma is a subset of colon carcinoma. Cell lines include HCT116, HT29, SW480, and LoVo. Ductal carcinoma refers to breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma; cell lines include MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231.

Researchers use carcinoma cell lines to study epithelial cancer biology, including invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Hepatocellular carcinoma lines (HepG2, Huh7) are used for liver cancer research, including sorafenib and lenvatinib testing. Renal cell carcinoma lines (786-O, ACHN) model kidney cancer, with studies on VHL and HIF pathways. Adenocarcinoma lines (e.g., A549 lung, HT29 colon) are common for drug screening and xenograft models. Our carcinoma category provides authenticated lines for each subtype, with detailed information on genetic mutations (e.g., KRAS, EGFR, HER2, p53). Whether you need breast carcinoma for hormone therapy studies, pancreatic carcinoma for KRAS inhibitor screening, or colorectal carcinoma for immunotherapy research, our Carcinoma cell lines support your epithelial cancer research with high-quality, reproducible models.