Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal system, also referred to as locomotor system, physically holds and stabilizes the body’s shape, allowing it to stand, move, and protect internal organs. It is subdivided into two groups: the muscular system and the skeletal system. The muscular system, in the context of the musculoskeletal/locomotor system, includes skeletal muscles (skeletal muscle cells) and their associated tendons, which directly enable voluntary movement by acting on bones. The skeletal system comprises key components such as bones, joints, ligaments, cartilage, etc. and relies on specialized human bone cells to maintain strength, structure, and mineral homeostasis. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system or musculoskeletal system cells can impair the ability of physical support and movement, increasing the risk of physical disability, poor quality of life and death.

Within musculoskeletal system cells category, we offer both bone, muscle, cartilage, and joint-associated cell types:

Bone-related products include osteocytes, osteoblasts (including calvarial osteoblasts), osteoclast precursor cells (such as human osteoclast precursor cells), which are essential for studying bone formation, remodeling, and resorption. Cartilage research is supported by chondrocyte cultures for investigations into joint health and degenerative diseases.

Muscle-related offerings include skeletal muscle cells (such as human skeletal muscle cells), myoblast cells, muscle satellite cells (such as bovine satellite cells), as well as specialized contractile and remodeling cell types such as myofibroblast and cells in smooth muscle. These cells are widely used in studies of muscle development, regeneration, injury repair, and metabolic disease.

For tendon and joint research, we offer tenocytes, along with synovial cells (including human synoviocytes and fibroblast like synoviocytes), and synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other cell types derived from human synovial fluid and tissue. These cell models support research into tendon biology, arthritis, inflammation, joint degeneration, and autoimmune disorders.